Gambling is a common activity in which participants exchange money for goods or services with an uncertain outcome that is determined at least in part by chance. This can include games of chance, such as dice, cards and horse races, as well as activities that involve skill, such as golfing and sports betting. In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the extent to which gambling may have detrimental effects on individuals and society. Some people have difficulty controlling their gambling behavior, and some may even experience an addiction to gambling.
A person can be addicted to gambling when the behavior interferes with his or her daily functioning and causes harm to self, family and/or society. The risk of developing a gambling disorder is greater for individuals who have family members with a history of gambling problems or a family history of substance abuse. People with a mental illness, such as depression or bipolar disorder, are also at increased risk of developing a gambling disorder.
The behavior of problem gamblers is characterized by intense pleasure-seeking, dissociative-like reactions and a strong desire to try to avoid negative consequences of the behavior. Problem gamblers often have high levels of denial and are reluctant to admit that they have a gambling problem. Some individuals who are at risk for pathological gambling have been able to control their gambling and do not meet diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1980, 1987).
Problem gambling is more than just an occasional game of chance; it is a chronic and progressive disease. It can lead to serious legal, personal and familial problems, including financial distress, relationship difficulties and domestic violence, bankruptcy, loss of employment and social stigma. It is also a major source of income-generating crimes, such as theft and fraud, and is an important vehicle for laundering the proceeds of illegal activities.
Research has shown that there are several strategies that can help to manage gambling urges. These include maintaining social connections and practicing urge postponement techniques. In addition, engaging in fulfilling hobbies can provide a healthy distraction and reduce feelings of boredom and loneliness that can trigger cravings.
It is also important to recognize that problem gambling can occur in people of all ages, backgrounds and socioeconomic status. As gambling continues to become more normalized through commercialization and digitization, the need for prevention and treatment becomes increasingly urgent. Fortunately, there are several local and national resources available to help people overcome the challenges of gambling addiction.
